Natural gas – essential for Australian manufacturing

Recent articles

Tweets

4 August 21, 8:01pm Expanding the investment remit of @ARENA_aus to include a broader range of emissions reduction technologies is a w… https://t.co/zlhBSI8qDh
array(24) { ["created_at"]=> string(30) "Wed Aug 04 10:01:18 +0000 2021" ["id"]=> int(1422860187765854213) ["id_str"]=> string(19) "1422860187765854213" ["text"]=> string(258) "Expanding the investment remit of @ARENA_aus to include a broader range of emissions reduction technologies is a w… https://t.co/zlhBSI8qDh" ["truncated"]=> bool(true) ["entities"]=> array(4) { ["hashtags"]=> array(0) { } ["symbols"]=> array(0) { } ["user_mentions"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(5) { ["screen_name"]=> string(9) "ARENA_aus" ["name"]=> string(34) "Australian Renewable Energy Agency" ["id"]=> int(2540611459) ["id_str"]=> string(10) "2540611459" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(35) [1]=> int(45) } } } ["urls"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["url"]=> string(23) "https://t.co/zlhBSI8qDh" ["expanded_url"]=> string(52) "https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1422860187765854213" ["display_url"]=> string(29) "twitter.com/i/web/status/1…" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(117) [1]=> int(140) } } } } ["source"]=> string(82) "Twitter for iPhone" ["in_reply_to_status_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_status_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_screen_name"]=> NULL ["user"]=> string(8) "APPEALtd" ["geo"]=> NULL ["coordinates"]=> NULL ["place"]=> NULL ["contributors"]=> NULL ["is_quote_status"]=> bool(false) ["retweet_count"]=> int(2) ["favorite_count"]=> int(6) ["favorited"]=> bool(false) ["retweeted"]=> bool(false) ["possibly_sensitive"]=> bool(false) ["lang"]=> string(2) "en" }
by APPEALtd
3 August 21, 12:09pm .@conocophillips' Girls Talk Tech IT program has proven a recent hit for the company's US division in #Houston. Rea… https://t.co/5zkFoIE0gb
array(24) { ["created_at"]=> string(30) "Tue Aug 03 02:09:46 +0000 2021" ["id"]=> int(1422379131979796486) ["id_str"]=> string(19) "1422379131979796486" ["text"]=> string(333) ".@conocophillips' Girls Talk Tech IT program has proven a recent hit for the company's US division in #Houston. Rea… https://t.co/5zkFoIE0gb" ["truncated"]=> bool(true) ["entities"]=> array(4) { ["hashtags"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["text"]=> string(7) "Houston" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(102) [1]=> int(110) } } } ["symbols"]=> array(0) { } ["user_mentions"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(5) { ["screen_name"]=> string(14) "conocophillips" ["name"]=> string(14) "ConocoPhillips" ["id"]=> int(23449774) ["id_str"]=> string(8) "23449774" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(1) [1]=> int(16) } } } ["urls"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["url"]=> string(23) "https://t.co/5zkFoIE0gb" ["expanded_url"]=> string(52) "https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1422379131979796486" ["display_url"]=> string(29) "twitter.com/i/web/status/1…" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(117) [1]=> int(140) } } } } ["source"]=> string(71) "Twitter Web App" ["in_reply_to_status_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_status_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_screen_name"]=> NULL ["user"]=> string(8) "APPEALtd" ["geo"]=> NULL ["coordinates"]=> NULL ["place"]=> NULL ["contributors"]=> NULL ["is_quote_status"]=> bool(false) ["retweet_count"]=> int(3) ["favorite_count"]=> int(2) ["favorited"]=> bool(false) ["retweeted"]=> bool(false) ["possibly_sensitive"]=> bool(false) ["lang"]=> string(2) "en" }
by APPEALtd
2 August 21, 4:38pm #WALFA, a fire abatement collaboration between @santosltd-operated #DarwinLNG, @CDUni, and Djelk, Warddejen, Mimal,… https://t.co/pbo9ma4CwY
array(24) { ["created_at"]=> string(30) "Mon Aug 02 06:38:42 +0000 2021" ["id"]=> int(1422084423315464193) ["id_str"]=> string(19) "1422084423315464193" ["text"]=> string(468) "#WALFA, a fire abatement collaboration between @santosltd-operated #DarwinLNG, @CDUni, and Djelk, Warddejen, Mimal,… https://t.co/pbo9ma4CwY" ["truncated"]=> bool(true) ["entities"]=> array(4) { ["hashtags"]=> array(2) { [0]=> array(2) { ["text"]=> string(5) "WALFA" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(0) [1]=> int(6) } } [1]=> array(2) { ["text"]=> string(9) "DarwinLNG" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(67) [1]=> int(77) } } } ["symbols"]=> array(0) { } ["user_mentions"]=> array(2) { [0]=> array(5) { ["screen_name"]=> string(9) "SantosLtd" ["name"]=> string(6) "Santos" ["id"]=> int(22737235) ["id_str"]=> string(8) "22737235" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(47) [1]=> int(57) } } [1]=> array(5) { ["screen_name"]=> string(5) "CDUni" ["name"]=> string(25) "Charles Darwin University" ["id"]=> int(26348226) ["id_str"]=> string(8) "26348226" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(79) [1]=> int(85) } } } ["urls"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["url"]=> string(23) "https://t.co/pbo9ma4CwY" ["expanded_url"]=> string(52) "https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1422084423315464193" ["display_url"]=> string(29) "twitter.com/i/web/status/1…" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(117) [1]=> int(140) } } } } ["source"]=> string(71) "Twitter Web App" ["in_reply_to_status_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_status_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_screen_name"]=> NULL ["user"]=> string(8) "APPEALtd" ["geo"]=> NULL ["coordinates"]=> NULL ["place"]=> NULL ["contributors"]=> NULL ["is_quote_status"]=> bool(false) ["retweet_count"]=> int(0) ["favorite_count"]=> int(1) ["favorited"]=> bool(false) ["retweeted"]=> bool(false) ["possibly_sensitive"]=> bool(false) ["lang"]=> string(2) "en" }
by APPEALtd
30 July 21, 11:52am The oil and gas industry works collaboratively with the #WA Government's LNG Jobs Taskforce to standardise skills t… https://t.co/thjlOAAkUS
array(24) { ["created_at"]=> string(30) "Fri Jul 30 01:52:46 +0000 2021" ["id"]=> int(1420925301974999043) ["id_str"]=> string(19) "1420925301974999043" ["text"]=> string(261) "The oil and gas industry works collaboratively with the #WA Government's LNG Jobs Taskforce to standardise skills t… https://t.co/thjlOAAkUS" ["truncated"]=> bool(true) ["entities"]=> array(4) { ["hashtags"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(2) { ["text"]=> string(2) "WA" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(56) [1]=> int(59) } } } ["symbols"]=> array(0) { } ["user_mentions"]=> array(0) { } ["urls"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(4) { ["url"]=> string(23) "https://t.co/thjlOAAkUS" ["expanded_url"]=> string(52) "https://twitter.com/i/web/status/1420925301974999043" ["display_url"]=> string(29) "twitter.com/i/web/status/1…" ["indices"]=> array(2) { [0]=> int(117) [1]=> int(140) } } } } ["source"]=> string(71) "Twitter Web App" ["in_reply_to_status_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_status_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_user_id_str"]=> NULL ["in_reply_to_screen_name"]=> NULL ["user"]=> string(8) "APPEALtd" ["geo"]=> NULL ["coordinates"]=> NULL ["place"]=> NULL ["contributors"]=> NULL ["is_quote_status"]=> bool(false) ["retweet_count"]=> int(0) ["favorite_count"]=> int(1) ["favorited"]=> bool(false) ["retweeted"]=> bool(false) ["possibly_sensitive"]=> bool(false) ["lang"]=> string(2) "en" }
by APPEALtd

Natural gas is both a source of energy and an essential raw material for manufacturing.

Almost one-third of the gas consumed in Australia is used by manufacturers.

Manufacturing in Australia is a $100 billion industry directly employing 890,000 people.

About 225,000 people work in manufacturing sectors that rely heavily on gas; another 500,000 people work in related industries that do business with these manufacturers.

The main industrial uses of natural gas and gas-derived products are producing:

  • non-ferrous metals (e.g. aluminium, copper, zinc, tin)
  • chemicals and polymers (e.g. fertilisers, antifreeze)
  • non-metallic mineral products (e.g. glass, ceramics, cement, bricks)
  • plastic packaging for foods and beverages.

Gas is also needed in food preparation and processing, fermentation and brewing.

gas-use-in-manufacturing-by-sector_landscape

 

Gas — powering industrial processes

Gas is second only to oil as an energy source for manufacturing.

Gas is essential to fire kilns and furnaces for many industrial processes.

Without gas, it would be impossible to make everyday products such as glass, bricks, paper, cement, steel and alumina.

Many businesses meet their energy needs from their own gas-fired turbines.

Steel is galvanised with hot molten zinc to create a non-corrosive layer.

Victoria-based GB Galvanising uses 50,000 gigajoules (GJ) of gas every year.

No alternative fuel can maintain the necessary high temperatures.

Alumina refineries use gas for power generation and for refining bauxite to produce alumina, which is used to produce aluminium.

Alumina refining requires temperatures greater than 1100°C.

Gas is the only fuel that can achieve this temperature.

Alcoa uses 95,000 terajoules (TJ) of gas each year in its three alumina refineries in Western Australia.

Gas — the invisible ingredient of everyday products

Natural gas is also a raw material (feedstock) for creating many products.

It is used to produce fertilisers, explosives, paper, plastics and chemicals.

In most cases, there is no substitute for gas as a feedstock.

Gas is used to produce ammonia, which is an important feedstock for several industries.

The most commonly used fertiliser in the world is urea, which is produced from ammonia.

Australian industries use 1.6 million tonnes of urea each year.

Producing each tonne of urea requires 21GJ of natural gas — the same amount of gas that the average NSW household uses in a year.

Ammonia is also used to make explosives and cleaning products, and is used in fermentation, brewing and winemaking.

Plastics are made from ethane, which is derived from natural gas.

At 850°C, steam is added to ethane to break it into ethylene.

This is then used to make plastics.

These plastics are used in:

  • food packaging and wrapping;
  • plumbing and guttering;
  • fibres and textiles;
  • machine parts; and
  • many other applications.

manufacturing-gas-hubs